Long, long ago, when the world was new and the animals could talk, Language Epsilon and Language Rho went to the same school. Today they are going to do a test, but unfortunately Language Rho hasn’t prepared for the test. The first part will be describing the types of calques and give examples of each type. However, Language Rho doesn’t even know what calque means. So, he decides to cheat by copying what Language Epsilon writes. Rho is an experienced cheater, so he will not copy exactly word-for-word from Epsilon, but he will translate the answers into his language. Epsilon has already written down the categories: semantic calque, phraseological calque, syntactic calque, loan-translation and morphological calque. Now she has just to write some examples: marché aux puces, gratte-ciel, souris, surhomme, sourd-muet, Cela va sans dire, L’esprit de l’escalier.

How did Rho translate them into his language which is English? Which categories do these calques belong to?

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